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The primary responsibility of ONIE is to locate a network operating system(NOS) installer and execute it.

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Platform Name and Identification¶

For identifying the running platform. ONIE uses the following definitions:

• arch – The CPU architecture. The currently supported architectures are:
  • arm
  • powerpc
  • x86_64
• machine – A string of the form <VENDOR>_<MODEL>.
• machine-revision – A string of the form r<NUMBER>, used to trackdifferent hardware revision of a machine
• platform – A string of the form <ARCH>-<MACHINE>-<MACHINE-REVISION>
• switch-silicon-vendor – A string of one of the following, used totrack ASIC silicon vendor:

Note

The above definitions place some restrictions on the validcharacters allowed for the <ARCH>, <VENDOR> and <MODEL>strings.

The allowable characters in the above strings are:

1. VENDOR - cannot contain _ (underscore) or - (hyphen) characters
2. MODEL - cannot contain - (hyphen) character. _(underscore) is OK
3. ARCH - cannot contain _ (underscore) or - (hyphen) characters

At runtime, ONIE provides the onie-sysinfo command, which can beused to dump this information and more. See theSystem Information section for more about the onie-sysinfocommand.

The platform name must remain consistent across all ONIE modes asdescribed in Network Operating System Interface.

Installer Discovery Methods¶

ONIE attempts to locate the installer through a number of discoverymethods. The first successful method found is used to download andrun an installer.

Note

Even though an installer is successfully found, theinstaller can fail, in which case ONIE moves on to the next discoverymethod.

The following methods are tried in this order:

1. Statically configured (passed from boot loader)
2. Local file systems (USB for example)
3. Exact URLs from DHCPv4
4. Inexact URLs based on DHCP responses
5. IPv6 neighbors
6. TFTP waterfall

Note

The discovery methods are tried repeatedly, forever, until asuccessful image install occurs.

The general image discovery procedure is illustrated by thispseudo-code:

The subsequent sections describe these methods in detail.

Default File Name Search Order¶

In a number of the following methods, ONIE searches for default filenames in a specific order. All the methods use the same default filenames and search order, which are described in this section.

The default installer file names are searched for in the following order:

1. onie-installer-<arch>-<vendor>_<machine>-r<machine_revision>
2. onie-installer-<arch>-<vendor>_<machine>-r<machine_revision>.bin *
3. onie-installer-<arch>-<vendor>_<machine>
4. onie-installer-<arch>-<vendor>_<machine>.bin *
5. onie-installer-<vendor>_<machine>
6. onie-installer-<vendor>_<machine>.bin *
7. onie-installer-<cpu_arch>-<switch_silicon_vendor>
8. onie-installer-<cpu_arch>-<switch_silicon_vendor>.bin *
9. onie-installer-<arch>
10. onie-installer-<arch>.bin *
11. onie-installer
12. onie-installer.bin *

Note

ONIE 2017.08 added the .bin extension to all the default filenames. Previous ONIE versions do not look for file names with the.bin extension.

For a hypothetical x86_64 machine, the default installer file nameswould be:

Note

ONIE 2016.05 introducedonie-installer-<cpu_arch>-<switch_silicon_vendor>. All previousONIE versions do not include this naming item.

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Note

In the case of ONIE self-update mode, the file name prefix isonie-updater instead of onie-installer.

Note

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For the exact file names used for your specific hardwareplatform please contact your NOS vendor or your hardwarevendor.

Static Configuration Method¶

This method is intended for engineering use only; for example, duringthe porting of ONIE to a new platform. In the boot loader, the usercan statically configure an installer URL that ONIE will use bysetting the install_url kernel command line argument.

Local File System Method¶

In this method, ONIE searches the partitions of locally attachedstorage devices looking for one of the ONIE default installer filenames. Busy accounting software 17 download.

See Default File Name Search Order for more information on the default file names.

This method is intended for the case where the NOS installer isavailable on a USB memory stick plugged into the front panel.

Two file system types are supported, the popular vFAT partition type(common on commercially availabe USB sticks) and Linux’s ext2.

Note

OSX’s Disk Utility by default will write out an unsupported partition type.Please use the diskutil command line tool for formatting:

The general algorithm for locating the installer on local storageproceeds as follows:

Ethernet Management Port Configuration¶

In order to perform network based image discovery the Ethernetmanagement console must first be configured. The followingconfiguration methods are tried in order:

1. Static configuration – Set via the ip kernel command line argument
2. DHCPv6 – Planned, but not yet implemented
3. DHCPv4
4. Link Local IPv4 address (see RFC-3927)

The static configuration uses the ipLinux kernel command lineargument.

DHCP Requests and Responses¶

DHCP provides a powerful and flexible mechanism for specifying theinstaller URL exactly. During the DHCP request, ONIE sets a number ofoptions to help the DHCP server determine an appropriate response.

The following options are set during the request:

Vendor Class Identifier – Option 60¶

The vendor class identifier option is the concatenation of twostrings, separated by the colon : character:

1. The static string onie_vendor
2. <arch>-<vendor>_<machine>-r<machine_revision>

For example, using the example x86_64 machine, the string would be:

Note

For the exact DHCP Vendor Class Identifier used for yourspecific hardware platform please contact your NOS vendor oryour hardware vendor.

See the Platform Name and Identification table for more about the platform name.

User Class – Option 77¶

The user class option is set to the static string:

Vendor-Identifying Vendor-Specific Information (VIVSO)¶

The VIVSO option allows for custom option namespaces, where thenamespace is identified by the 32-bit IANA Private Enterprise Number. ONIEcurrently uses the enterprise number 42623 to identify its customnamespace.

The option codes within the ONIE namespace have a size of 1 byte. Theoption payload length is also 1 byte.

Within this namespace, the following option codes are defined:

See the Platform-Dependent Environment Variables table for more information about the platformname.

Parameter Request List – Option 55¶

The parameter request list option encodes a list of requested options.ONIE requests the following options:

HTTP Requests and HTTP Headers¶

All HTTP requests made by ONIE include a set of standard HTTP headers,which an HTTP CGI automation system could utilize. The headers sent oneach HTTP request are:

Exact Installer URLs From DHCPv4¶

The DHCP options discussed previously provide a number of ways toexpress the exact URL of the NOS installer. When interpreting URLs,ONIE accepts the following URI schemes:

• http://server/path/….
• ftp://server/path/….
• tftp://server/path/….

The following options can be used to form an exact URL.

Partial Installer URLs¶

Configuring a DHCP server for exact URLs may be impractical in certainsituations.

For example, consider an enterprise scenario where the corporate ITdepartment that controls the DHCP server is separate from theapplication development department trying to prototype new Webservices. The application department wants to move quickly andprototype their new solution as soon as possible. In this case,waiting for the IT department to make DHCP server changes takes too much time.

To allow for flexibility in the administration of the DHCP server,ONIE can find an installer using partial DHCP information. ONIE usesa default sequence of URL paths and default installer file names inconjunction with partial DHCP information to find an installer.

See Default File Name Search Order for more information on the default filenames and search order.

The following DHCP option responses are used to locate an installer inconjunction with the default file names:

Default ONIE image server name onie-server¶

If the default ONIE server name onie-server is resolvable by DNSit is included in the search for the default installer file names forboth http and tftp protocols. The following URLs areattempted:

TFTP Waterfall¶

ONIE includes a classic PXE-like TFTP waterfall. Given a TFTPserver address, ONIE attempts to download the installer using asequence of TFTP paths with decreasing levels of specificity.

The TFTP URL name has this format:

The $tftp_server_ip comes from DHCP option 66.

The $path_prefix is determined in the following manner:

1. First the path_prefix is built using the Ethernet managementinterface’s MAC address using lower case hexadecimal with a dashseparator. For example, with address 55:66:AA:BB:CC:DD thepath_prefix would be 55-66-aa-bb-cc-dd.
2. Next, the path_prefix is built using the Ethernet managementinterface’s IP address in upper case hexadecimal. For example,192.168.1.178->C0A801B2. If the installer is not foundat that location, remove the least significant hex digit and try again.
3. Finally, look for the list of default file names at the root of the TFTP server.

Here is a complete list of the bootfile paths attempted using theexample MAC address, IP address and the example x86_64 platform:

See Default File Name Search Order for more information on the default filenames and search order.

HTTP IPv4 and IPv6 Neighbors¶

ONIE queries its IPv4 and IPv6 link-local neighbors via HTTP for aninstaller. The general algorithm follows:

1. ping the IPv4 broadcast address, 255.255.255.255.
2. ping6 the “all nodes” link local IPv6 multicast address, ff02::1.
3. For each responding neighbor, try to download the default file namesfrom the root of the HTTP server.

Here is an example of the URLs used by this method:

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See Default File Name Search Order for more information on the default filenames and search order.

Execution Environment¶

After ONIE locates and downloads an installer, the next step is to runthe installer.

Prior to execution, ONIE prepares an execution environment:

• chmod+x on the downloaded installer.
• Export a number of environment variables, usable by the installer.
• Run the installer.

ONIE exports the following environment variables:

In addition, any and all DHCP response options are exported, in thestyle of BusyBox’s udhcpc. A sample of those variables follows:

See Network Operating System Interface for more about the NOS installer.

Footnotes

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